FEMALE INFERTILITY
A female can be considered infertile if she is unable to conceive after one year of unprotected
intercourse or is experiencing repeated miscarriages.
In India, taboos and societal pressures
related to fertility can often make this situation extremely distressing for women.
What causes Female Infertility?
Female fertility is an essential aspect of reproductive health that affects millions of women in India. As infertility-related challenges rise, it is important to understand the causes of female infertility to seek timely solutions. Timely diagnosis can help reduce complications and treatment costs.
What are the Leading Causes of Female Infertility in India?
1. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is a hormonal imbalance that disrupts female ovulation, which leads to irregular and often difficult menstrual cycles, as well as difficulty getting pregnant. Studies indicate that nearly 1 in 5 Indian women suffer from PCOS due to lifestyle changes and genetic predispositions.
2. Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a chronic condition when tissue similar to the uterine lining, called endometrium, grows outside the uterus. This leads to inflammation and scar tissue forming in the pelvic region, pain affecting reproductive organs as well as fertility issues.
3. Blocked Fallopian Tubes
Fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus. When the tube is blocked, it may prevent the sperm from reaching an egg, or an embryo from reaching the uterus resulting in infertility. Blockage may be caused by pelvic infections, previous surgeries. Infections such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and tuberculosis of the reproductive tract are common in India.
4. Hormonal Disorders
Hormonal imbalances are one of the leading causes of female infertility in India. A disorder occurs when the body has excess or shortage of one or more hormones. Hormonal imbalances can affect ovulation, which is when the ovaries release an egg for fertilization.Some disorders that affect female fertility in India include hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hyperprolactinemia and anovulation.
5. Age-related Factors
As more and more couples delay childbirth and family planning,age-related infertility is becoming increasingly common. Due to natural factors, a woman’s fertility begins to decline after 30 with a significant drop after 35 years.
6. Lifestyle Factors
Sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity contribute significantly to infertility. In India, stress and unhealthy eating patterns further exacerbate this issue.
7. Unexplained Infertility
In some cases, no specific cause of infertility is identified despite thorough investigations. This accounts for about 10-15% of infertility cases in India.
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Male infertility
Male infertility is a significant contributor to couples facing challenges in getting pregnant.
According to research, male factors are responsible for about 40-50% of infertility cases,
therefore it is a crucial aspect of overall reproductive health and should not be taboo.
Female Infertility
As infertility-related challenges rise, it is important to understand the causes of female
infertility to seek timely solutions. Timely diagnosis can help reduce complications and treatment
costs.